Aortitis refers to the inflammation of the aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This condition can lead to aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or aortic regurgitation, where the aortic valve does not close properly, leading to blood flow back into the heart.
Causes of Aortitis
Aortitis can be caused by various factors, including:
- Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can lead to aortitis.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis can cause inflammation in the aorta.
- Other Causes: Less commonly, aortitis can be linked to syphilis, tuberculosis, or reactions to medications.
Symptoms
Symptoms of aortitis can vary but may include:
- Fever and general malaise
- Weight loss
- Pain in the chest, back, or abdomen
- A difference in blood pressure between the arms
- A heart murmur
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of aortitis often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests like MRI, CT scan, or PET scan. Blood tests may also be conducted to check for signs of inflammation and to screen for autoimmune conditions.
Treatment
Treatment of aortitis depends on the underlying cause:
- For Autoimmune-Related Aortitis: Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medications are commonly used.
- For Infectious Aortitis: Antibiotics, antiviral, or antifungal medications are necessary depending on the infection.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgical intervention may be required, especially if there are complications like aneurysms or severe aortic regurgitation.
Regular monitoring and lifelong follow-up are often necessary for individuals with aortitis to manage symptoms and prevent complications.