Barlow's syndrome, more commonly known as mitral valve prolapse (MVP), is a condition in which the two valve flaps of the mitral valve do not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium of the heart during the heart's contraction. It is one of the more common heart valve conditions.
Key aspects of Barlow's syndrome include:
Valve Structure: In MVP, the mitral valve flaps (leaflets) are excessively floppy and may have extra tissue. This can cause them to prolapse into the left atrium when the heart contracts.
Symptoms: Many people with mitral valve prolapse do not have symptoms and are unaware of their condition. When symptoms do occur, they can include palpitations, chest pain that is not caused by coronary artery disease, fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
Complications: While MVP is often benign, it can sometimes lead to complications such as mitral valve regurgitation (where blood leaks backward through the valve), arrhythmias, and, rarely, infective endocarditis (an infection of the inner lining of the heart).
Diagnosis: MVP is usually diagnosed during a physical examination when a doctor hears a distinctive heart murmur. Echocardiography (an ultrasound of the heart) is then used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.
Treatment: Most people with MVP do not require treatment. For those who do, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and may include medications to reduce symptoms or prevent complications. In cases where the valve leakage is severe, surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve may be necessary.
Lifestyle and Monitoring: People with MVP typically lead normal lives. However, regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are important, especially if the MVP is associated with significant valve regurgitation or other complications.
The exact cause of mitral valve prolapse is not entirely clear, but it can be related to genetic factors or occur as part of connective tissue disorders. Regular follow-up and echocardiograms are important for those with MVP, especially if there are signs of significant valve leakage or other complications.