Discectomy
A discectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove material from a herniated disc, which is pressing on a nerve root or the spinal cord. It's usually done when conservative treatments like physical therapy or medication have failed to relieve symptoms. Here are the main types and reasons for performing a discectomy:
Types of Discectomy:
Standard (Open) Discectomy: The traditional approach involves making an incision and removing a portion of the bone and/or disc material pressing on the nerve.
Microdiscectomy: A less invasive form, using a microscope or magnifying instrument to remove the herniated part of the disc and any fragments that are putting pressure on the spinal nerve.
Endoscopic Discectomy: An even less invasive method using a small camera and instruments inserted through very small incisions to remove the disc material.
Laser Discectomy: A technique that uses a laser to vaporize the part of the disc causing pain.
Reasons to Perform a Discectomy:
Persistent Pain: Ongoing, severe pain that does not improve with conservative treatments like physical therapy, medications, or injections.
Nerve Compression: If the herniated disc is pressing on nerve roots, it can cause pain, weakness, or numbness in the area of the body that the nerve supplies.
Loss of Motor Function: In severe cases, a herniated disc can cause loss of movement or function in the affected limb.
Bowel or Bladder Dysfunction: In rare cases, a severely herniated disc can press on nerves that control bowel or bladder function, a condition called cauda equina syndrome, which is a medical emergency.
Before a discectomy, doctors typically try less invasive treatments unless the symptoms are severe or worsening rapidly. The specific type of discectomy performed depends on the location and nature of the disc herniation, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. The goal is always to relieve pain and restore function with the least invasive approach possible.
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