Gastroscopy, also known as upper endoscopy, is a medical procedure used to examine the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum. It's done using a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope, which has a light and a camera on one end. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth and gently moved down the throat into the digestive organs. The camera transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to see any abnormalities or take samples (biopsies) if needed.

Types of Gastroscopy:

1. Diagnostic Gastroscopy:

   • Purpose: To diagnose conditions or diseases in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It's used when symptoms like persistent upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing occur.

   • Procedure: Examination and sometimes taking biopsies for further testing.

2. Therapeutic Gastroscopy:

   • Purpose: Not only to diagnose but also to treat conditions found during the procedure.

   • Procedure: Can include removing polyps, treating bleeding, dilating narrowed areas, or removing foreign bodies.

Reasons for Gastroscopy:

• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Persistent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, or difficulty swallowing.

• Monitoring and Diagnosis: Checking for inflammation, ulcers, tumors, or infections.

• Follow-up: Monitoring progress or recurrence of previously detected conditions.

• Screening: For certain conditions like Barrett's esophagus or certain cancers in at-risk populations.

Gastroscopy is a valuable tool in diagnosing and sometimes treating conditions of the upper digestive system, but it's usually recommended when symptoms persist or when there's a need to further investigate findings from other tests. Always, it should be performed by a qualified healthcare provider.