Hemoglobin A1c, often abbreviated as HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to a sugar. It's a key indicator used in the medical field to provide an average level of blood sugar over the past two to three months. The HbA1c test is primarily used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. The test is important because it can help determine the risk of complications from diabetes, including issues with the heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

The HbA1c level is expressed as a percentage, with higher percentages indicating higher average blood sugar levels. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends an HbA1c goal of less than 7% for most adults with diabetes. However, this goal can be adjusted based on individual health profiles and risk factors.

For non-diabetics, the normal range for HbA1c is typically between 4% and 5.6%. Levels of 5.7% to 6.4% indicate a higher risk of diabetes (prediabetes), and a level of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests typically confirms a diagnosis of diabetes.

Regular monitoring of HbA1c levels helps individuals with diabetes manage their condition more effectively and make informed decisions about diet, exercise, and medication. It's an essential part of diabetes care and is often used alongside other measurements, like daily blood sugar monitoring, to provide a comprehensive view of blood sugar control.