Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. These lipids include cholesterol, triglycerides, or both. The condition is often divided into two types:

1. Primary Hyperlipidemia: This is usually genetic and occurs due to inherited conditions that affect how the body processes lipids.
2. Secondary Hyperlipidemia: This occurs as a result of other conditions or lifestyle factors, such as an unhealthy diet, obesity, lack of exercise, diabetes, alcohol use, and certain medications.

Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke, as it can lead to the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, known as atherosclerosis. This buildup narrows the arteries and can limit or block blood flow.

The condition is often "silent," meaning it typically does not cause any symptoms. Therefore, many people are unaware that they have high cholesterol or triglycerides until they are diagnosed during a routine health screening or after a cardiovascular event like a heart attack or stroke.

Diagnosis of hyperlipidemia is usually made through a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures the levels of various types of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

Treatment often involves lifestyle changes such as diet modification, increased physical activity, weight loss, and quitting smoking. These changes can help lower lipid levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In some cases, especially when lifestyle changes are not enough or the risk of heart disease is high, medication such as statins, fibrates, niacin, or omega-3 fatty acid supplements may be prescribed to help reduce lipid levels.

Management of hyperlipidemia is crucial, as controlling lipid levels can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor lipid levels and adjust treatment as necessary.

It's important for individuals with hyperlipidemia to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage the condition effectively.