An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain becomes obstructed, typically by a blood clot. This blockage reduces the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. Ischemic strokes are the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 87% of all cases.

The symptoms of an ischemic stroke can vary depending on the area of the brain affected but often include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. Other symptoms can include confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, visual disturbances in one or both eyes, difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, and a sudden, severe headache with no known cause.

Risk factors for ischemic stroke include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Lifestyle changes and medical treatments can help reduce these risk factors.

Treatment for ischemic stroke usually involves medications to dissolve the clot and restore blood flow to the affected part of the brain. This is most effective when administered as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. Long-term treatment focuses on preventing future strokes and may include anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, statins, and lifestyle modifications. Rehabilitation, including physical, occupational, and speech therapy, can help individuals recover functions lost due to the stroke.

It's essential to recognize the signs of a stroke and seek immediate medical attention if they occur, as prompt treatment can significantly affect the outcome. The acronym FAST (Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services) is often used to help remember the warning signs of a stroke.