Kawasaki disease is a rare but serious condition that primarily affects children under the age of 5 and involves inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body. The cause of Kawasaki disease is not fully understood, but it does not appear to be contagious. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, possibly triggered by an infection in genetically predisposed individuals.
Key features and symptoms of Kawasaki disease include:
Fever: A high fever lasting at least five days is typically the first sign of Kawasaki disease.
Rash: A rash often appears on the torso and groin area. It can vary in appearance.
Red Eyes: Conjunctivitis (red eyes) without a thick discharge is common.
Swollen, Red Skin on Hands and Feet: The palms of the hands and soles of the feet may become red and swollen.
Swollen Lymph Nodes: Swelling in the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, is often observed.
Red, Swollen Lips and Tongue: The lips may become cracked and red, and the tongue may appear red with a strawberry-like appearance.
Irritability: Children with Kawasaki disease are often unusually irritable.
Kawasaki disease is a significant concern because it can lead to complications in the heart, such as coronary artery aneurysms, which are bulges in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. It's the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries.
Treatment typically involves intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin to reduce inflammation and decrease the risk of heart problems. Early treatment is crucial to prevent serious heart complications. With timely and appropriate treatment, children can fully recover from the disease.
If Kawasaki disease is suspected, it's important to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing complications. The exact reason why some children develop Kawasaki disease and others do not is still a subject of ongoing research.
