Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease that typically affects children. It is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria, which also cause strep throat. The key symptoms of scarlet fever include a sore throat, fever, and a characteristic red rash.

The rash usually starts on the neck and chest before spreading to other parts of the body. It feels like sandpaper to the touch and the redness may be more intense in some areas, often forming red creases in the underarm, elbow, and groin. One of the hallmark signs of scarlet fever is a "strawberry tongue," where the tongue becomes red and bumpy.

Other symptoms can include headache, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. Scarlet fever is highly contagious and can spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Treatment for scarlet fever typically involves antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria. Prompt treatment is important to prevent potential complications, such as rheumatic fever or kidney disease.

Preventive measures include good hygiene practices like frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Vaccines are not currently available for scarlet fever.

Treatment

The treatment of scarlet fever primarily involves antibiotics, as the condition is caused by a bacterial infection. Here are the key aspects of its treatment:

1. Antibiotics: The most common treatment for scarlet fever is a course of antibiotics, usually penicillin or amoxicillin. These are effective in killing the bacteria that cause the infection. For those allergic to penicillin, alternative antibiotics like erythromycin or clindamycin can be used.
2. Completing the Course: It's crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. This ensures that the bacteria are completely eradicated and helps prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant strains.
3. Relieving Symptoms: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can be used to alleviate pain and reduce fever. It's important to avoid aspirin in children and teenagers due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
4. Hydration and Rest: Adequate rest and staying hydrated are important for recovery. Drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration, especially if there is a high fever.
5. Preventing Spread: Scarlet fever is contagious, so it's important to practice good hygiene. This includes washing hands frequently, not sharing eating utensils, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
6. Follow-up: A follow-up visit with a healthcare provider may be necessary to ensure the infection has been fully treated and to check for any complications.
7. Isolation: Until 24 hours after the start of antibiotic treatment, it is recommended to keep the patient isolated to prevent the spread of infection.

If scarlet fever is treated promptly and correctly, it usually resolves without any serious complications. However, if left untreated, it can lead to more severe conditions, such as rheumatic fever, kidney disease, or other complications. Therefore, seeking medical attention as soon as scarlet fever is suspected is important.

First, the tongue may look whitish

Later, the tongue may look red and bumpy

This rash is a telltale sign of scarlet fever.