A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often referred to as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke. A TIA does not cause permanent damage and typically lasts only a few minutes to a few hours. It occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted, usually due to a clot or debris blocking a blood vessel.

Symptoms of a TIA are similar to those of a stroke and can include:

  • Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body
  • Confusion or difficulty understanding speech
  • Trouble speaking
  • Visual disturbances in one or both eyes
  • Difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
  • Sudden, severe headache with no known cause

The key difference between a TIA and a stroke is that the blockage is temporary in a TIA, and there's no permanent damage to the brain. However, TIAs are a warning sign of future strokes and should be taken seriously. About 1 in 3 people who experience a TIA will eventually have a stroke, with about half occurring within a year after the TIA.

Risk factors for TIA are similar to those for stroke, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and heart disease.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, a review of symptoms, and imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI to rule out a stroke and other conditions. An ultrasound of the neck can be done to check for narrowing or blockages in the arteries.

Treatment focuses on preventing a future stroke and may involve medications to manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent blood clots, as well as lifestyle changes such as a healthier diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake.

It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if a TIA is suspected, as it can be a precursor to a more severe stroke. Early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.