Valvular stenosis is a type of heart valve disease where a valve is narrower than normal, causing a restriction in blood flow. This condition can affect any of the heart's valves, including the aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves. Each type of valvular stenosis presents its own set of challenges and symptoms.

1. Aortic Stenosis: This is the most common and serious type of valvular stenosis. It occurs when the aortic valve, which connects the heart to the aorta (the main artery that carries blood to the body), becomes narrowed. This can cause symptoms like chest pain, fainting, and shortness of breath, particularly during activity. It's often due to age-related calcification of the valve but can also be congenital.
2. Mitral Stenosis: This affects the mitral valve, which controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle. It's often caused by rheumatic fever, which can damage the valve, leading to scarring and narrowing. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and in severe cases, heart failure.
3. Pulmonary Stenosis: This involves the pulmonary valve, which controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs. It's usually congenital and can vary in severity. Severe cases can cause fatigue, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
4. Tricuspid Stenosis: Less common, this affects the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and right ventricle. It's often due to rheumatic fever and can lead to fluid buildup and swelling in the body.

Diagnosis involves medical history review, physical examination, and imaging tests like echocardiography. Treatment depends on the severity and can range from monitoring and medications to surgical interventions such as valve repair or replacement.

Regular follow-ups are crucial for managing valvular stenosis, as the condition can lead to heart enlargement, heart failure, and other complications if left untreated.