Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress cardiomyopathy or "broken heart syndrome," is a temporary heart condition that is often triggered by stressful situations or extreme emotions. The condition involves a sudden, temporary weakening of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart), which leads to symptoms that can resemble those of a heart attack, such as chest pain and shortness of breath.

The name "Takotsubo" comes from the Japanese term for an octopus trap, which resembles the shape that the heart takes in this condition—a rounded bottom and a narrow neck. When someone has Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, the heart's left ventricle, which is the main pumping chamber, changes shape and enlarges, impacting its ability to pump blood effectively.

This condition is usually reversible, and most people who experience it make a full recovery within weeks. However, it can occasionally lead to severe heart muscle weakness and, in rare cases, can be fatal.

The exact cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a surge of stress hormones, like adrenaline, which temporarily damage the heart. This condition is more common in women, particularly those who are post-menopausal.

Treatment generally focuses on relieving symptoms and may include medications such as beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors, which are commonly used to treat heart conditions. It's also important for patients to manage their stress and emotional health.